Adam Kos Feem ntau, peb tau siv ntau dua rau qhov tseeb tias qhov loj dua ib yam, qhov zoo dua. Tab sis qhov piv txwv no tsis siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tsim technology ntawm processors thiab chips, vim hais tias ntawm no nws yog raws nraim qhov opposite. Txawm hais tias, hais txog kev ua tau zoo, peb tuaj yeem sib txawv me ntsis ntawm tus naj npawb nanometer, nws tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam.
Cov ntawv luv "nm" ntawm no sawv cev rau nanometer thiab yog ib chav tsev ntawm qhov ntev uas yog 1 billionth ntawm ib lub 'meter' thiab yog siv los qhia qhov ntev ntawm atomic scale - piv txwv li, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm atoms hauv cov khib nyiab. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv technical terminology, nws feem ntau yog hais txog "tus txheej txheem node". Nws yog siv los ntsuas qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov transistors uas nyob ib sab hauv kev tsim cov txheej txheem thiab ntsuas qhov loj ntawm cov transistors. Ntau lub tuam txhab chipset xws li TSMC, Samsung, Intel, thiab lwm yam siv nanometer units hauv lawv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Qhov no qhia tias muaj pes tsawg transistors nyob hauv lub processor.
Nws yuav yog txaus siab rau koj
Yog vim li cas tsawg nm zoo dua
Cov txheej txheem muaj ntau lab tus transistors thiab nyob hauv ib lub nti. Qhov me me ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov transistors (qhia hauv nm), lawv tuaj yeem haum rau hauv ib qho chaw. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm electrons mus ua hauj lwm yog luv. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev ua tau zoo hauv kev suav, kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, cua sov tsawg thiab me me ntawm matrix nws tus kheej, uas thaum kawg paradoxically txo cov nqi.
Cov duab thaij duab
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias tsis muaj tus qauv thoob ntiaj teb rau kev suav ntawm tus nqi nanometer. Yog li ntawd, txawv processor manufacturers kuj xam nws nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Nws txhais tau tias TSMC's 10nm tsis zoo li Intel's 10nm thiab Samsung's 10nm. Vim li ntawd, kev txiav txim siab tus naj npawb ntawm nm yog rau qee qhov tsuas yog tus lej lag luam.
Tam sim no thiab yav tom ntej
Apple siv A13 Bionic nti hauv nws iPhone 3 series, iPhone SE 6rd tiam tab sis kuj yog iPad mini 15th tiam, uas yog tsim nrog 5nm txheej txheem, ib yam li Google Tensor siv hauv Pixel 6. Lawv cov neeg sib tw ncaj qha yog Qualcomm's Snapdragon 8 Gen 1, uas yog tsim los siv 4nm txheej txheem, thiab tom qab ntawd muaj Samsung's Exynos 2200, uas kuj yog 4nm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account tias, sib nrug ntawm tus naj npawb nanometer, muaj lwm yam cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cuab yeej, xws li tus nqi ntawm RAM nco, chav siv duab siv, kev cia ceev, thiab lwm yam.
Nws cia siab tias xyoo no A16 Bionic, uas yuav yog lub plawv ntawm iPhone 14, tseem yuav raug tsim los siv cov txheej txheem 4nm. Kev lag luam loj ntau lawm siv cov txheej txheem 3nm yuav tsum tsis txhob pib kom txog thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo no lossis pib xyoo tom ntej. Raws li txoj cai, 2nm txheej txheem yuav ua raws li, uas IBM twb tau tshaj tawm, raws li nws muab 45% kev ua tau zoo dua thiab 75% qis zog siv dua li 7nm tsim. Tab sis kev tshaj tawm tseem tsis tau txhais hais tias kev tsim khoom loj.
Nws yuav yog txaus siab rau koj
Lwm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub nti tej zaum yuav yog photonics, uas es tsis txhob ntawm electrons taug kev raws silicon paths, me me pob ntawv ntawm lub teeb (photons) yuav txav, nce ceev thiab, ntawm chav kawm, taming zog noj. Tab sis rau tam sim no nws tsuas yog lub suab paj nruag ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej. Tom qab tag nrho, niaj hnub no cov neeg tsim khoom lawv tus kheej feem ntau muab lawv cov khoom siv nrog cov txheej txheem muaj zog uas lawv tsis tuaj yeem siv lawv lub peev xwm tag nrho thiab qee qhov tseem cuam tshuam lawv cov kev ua tau zoo nrog ntau yam software tricks.
