Daniel Hruska Gatekeeper yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb uas yuav ua rau nws debut hauv OS X Mountain Lion yav tom ntej. Nws lub hom phiaj yog (hais lus) los tiv thaiv lub kaw lus thiab tsuas yog tso cai rau cov ntawv thov uas ua tau raws li qee yam kev ua haujlwm. Qhov no puas yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj los tiv thaiv malware?
Hauv Roob Lion, qhov "kev ruaj ntseg dav hlau" tau muab faib ua peb theem, uas yog cov ntawv thov yuav raug tso cai khiav yog tias lawv yog
- Mac App khw
- Mac App Store thiab los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom paub zoo
- txhua qhov chaw
Cia peb ua tus kheej cov kev xaiv hauv kev txiav txim. Yog tias peb saib thawj tus, nws yog qhov laj thawj uas tsuas yog feem pua ntawm cov neeg siv tsawg heev yuav xaiv txoj hauv kev no. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau thiab ntau daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv Mac App Store, nws yog deb ntawm muaj xws li ntau yam uas txhua leej txhua tus tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm qhov no ib leeg. Seb Apple tab tom txav mus rau qhov maj mam kaw ntawm OS X nrog cov kauj ruam no yog cov lus nug. Txawm li cas los xij, peb xav tsis txhob koom nrog kev kwv yees.
Tam sim ntawd tom qab txhim kho qhov system, qhov kev xaiv nruab nrab yog nquag. Tab sis tam sim no koj yuav nug koj tus kheej tias leej twg yog tus tsim tawm zoo? Nov yog ib tus neeg uas tau sau npe nrog Apple thiab tau txais lawv daim ntawv pov thawj tus kheej (Developer ID) uas lawv tuaj yeem kos npe rau lawv daim ntawv thov. Txhua tus tsim tawm uas tseem tsis tau ua tiav tuaj yeem tau txais lawv tus ID siv lub cuab yeej hauv Xcode. Tau kawg, tsis muaj leej twg raug yuam kom ua cov kauj ruam no, tab sis feem ntau cov neeg tsim khoom yuav xav kom lawv cov ntawv thov ua haujlwm zoo txawm tias ntawm OS X Mountain Lion. Tsis muaj leej twg xav kom lawv daim ntawv thov raug tsis lees paub los ntawm qhov system.
Tam sim no lo lus nug yog, yuav ua li cas thiaj li kos npe rau daim ntawv thov no? Cov lus teb yog nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm asymmetric cryptography thiab hluav taws xob kos npe. Ua ntej, cia peb piav qhia luv luv asymmetric cryptography. Raws li lub npe qhia, tag nrho cov txheej txheem yuav tshwm sim txawv dua li hauv symmetric cryptography, qhov twg ib tug thiab tib tus yuam sij yog siv rau encryption thiab decryption. Hauv asymmetric cryptography, ob lub yuam sij yog xav tau - tus kheej rau kev encryption thiab pej xeem rau decryption. kuv to taub tus yuam sij tau nkag siab tias yog tus lej ntev heev, yog li kev twv nws los ntawm "brute force" txoj kev, piv txwv li los ntawm kev sim ua tiav txhua qhov muaj peev xwm, yuav siv sijhawm ntev tsis sib xws (ntau mus rau txhiab xyoo) muab lub zog suav nrog niaj hnub computers. Peb tuaj yeem tham txog cov lej feem ntau 128 ntsis thiab ntev dua.
Tam sim no mus rau txoj cai yooj yim ntawm hluav taws xob kos npe. Tus tuav ntawm tus yuam sij ntiag tug kos npe rau nws daim ntawv thov nrog nws. Tus yuam sij ntiag tug yuav tsum khaws cia kom ruaj ntseg, txwv tsis pub lwm tus tuaj yeem kos npe rau koj cov ntaub ntawv (xws li daim ntawv thov). Nrog cov ntaub ntawv kos npe rau hauv txoj kev no, lub hauv paus chiv keeb thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qub yog lav nrog qhov ua tau zoo heev. Hauv lwm lo lus, daim ntawv thov los ntawm tus tsim tawm no thiab tsis tau hloov kho txhua txoj hauv kev. Kuv yuav txheeb xyuas qhov keeb kwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv li cas? Siv tus yuam sij pej xeem uas muaj rau txhua tus.
Qhov kawg tshwm sim li cas rau daim ntawv thov uas tsis ua raws li cov xwm txheej hauv ob kis dhau los? Ntxiv rau qhov tsis tso tawm daim ntawv thov, tus neeg siv yuav raug nthuav tawm nrog lub thawv ceeb toom thiab ob lub khawm - Tso tseg a Rho tawm. Kev xaiv nyuaj heev, txoj cai? Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog qhov ua tau zoo los ntawm Apple rau yav tom ntej. Raws li cov koob npe ntawm Apple computers nce txhua xyoo, lawv ib yam nkaus yuav dhau los ua lub hom phiaj rau cov software phem. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum paub tias cov neeg tawm tsam yuav ib txwm yog ib kauj ruam ua ntej ntawm heuristics thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm cov pob antivirus, uas tseem ua rau lub computer qeeb. Yog li tsis muaj dab tsi yooj yim dua li tso cai rau cov ntawv pov thawj nkaus xwb los khiav.
Txog tam sim no, txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo yuav tshwm sim. Tsuas yog me me ntawm malware tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo tas los no. Cov ntawv thov uas tsim kev puas tsuaj tuaj yeem suav rau ntawm tus ntiv tes ntawm ib txhais tes. OS X tseem tsis tau nthuav dav txaus los ua lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb rau cov neeg tawm tsam uas lub hom phiaj Windows operating systems. Peb yuav tsis dag peb tus kheej tias OS X tsis leaky. Nws tsuas yog yooj yim npaum li lwm yam kev khiav hauj lwm, yog li nws yog qhov zoo dua rau nip qhov kev hem thawj hauv pob. Puas yog Apple puas tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov kev hem thawj ntawm malware ntawm Apple computers kom zoo nrog cov kauj ruam no? Peb yuav pom ob peb xyoos tom ntej no.
Qhov kev xaiv kawg ntawm Gatekeeper tsis coj kev txwv tsis pub hais txog keeb kwm ntawm daim ntawv thov. Qhov no yog raws nraim li cas peb tau paub (Mac) OS X rau ntau tshaj kaum xyoo, thiab txawm Roob Lion tsis tas yuav hloov dab tsi txog nws. Koj tseem tuaj yeem khiav txhua daim ntawv thov. Muaj ntau qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhib qhov software kom pom nyob rau hauv lub vev xaib, yog li nws yuav yog qhov txaj muag rau deprive koj tus kheej ntawm nws, tab sis ntawm tus nqi txo kev ruaj ntseg thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo.
